Review Process of Manuscripts 

The journal employs a double-blind peer-review system, with all manuscripts undergoing a strict three-stage review process: initial review, external review, and finalreview. The sole criterion for acceptance is the quality of manuscripts, involving originality,validity and readability. Upon submission, authors willbe informed of theresult of the initial reviewwithin one week and expert review feedback within 1–2 months. The review process takes three months on average.

Review Process

Initial Review

The editorial office conducts the preliminary review.Manuscriptsbeyond the journal’s scope or with major flaws (e.g.,alack of novelty,irrational design,poor qualityofwriting) or academic misconduct will be rejected immediately. Authors are typically notified within 1 week whether the manuscript is rejected or sent for external review.

External Review

Manuscripts passingtheinitial review are assigned to editorial board members and/or external experts in the field. Each manuscript is reviewed by at least two independent experts. The journal follows a double-blind review process—identitiesare not known between reviewersand authors. Reviewers must maintain strict confidentiality. Authorsare to respond to each commentby thereviewer, submit a revised manuscript, and provide a detailed revision report.

Final Review

The Editor-in-Chief ultimately decides whether the article can be published.

Guidelines for Reviewers

Reviewers must keep manuscript details confidential. In case of direct conflicts of interest (e.g., personal, institutional, or financial ties to the authors), reviewers must notify the editorial office and decline review. The journal highly values objective, fair, and constructive feedback from reviewers.

Appeals Process

If authors disagree with the review outcome, they may submit an appeal. A written justification must be sent to the journal’s email, detailing the grounds for reconsideration. The editorial office will evaluate the appeal and decide whether to proceed.