Using the methods of fluorescence molecular probe, electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) and electrophysiological technique, the following changes induced by allyl chloride (AC) were studied, including main ions or elements (Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, P) in nerve cells and nerve axon, resting membrane potential (RMP) in NG108-15 cell line, compound action potential (CAP) in rat sciatic nerve, and action potential inside perineurial sheath (APIPS) in mice intercostal nerve. The results showed that as AC was added, [Ca²⁺]_i increased markedly, but [Na⁺]_i did not change in the brain nerve cells of chicken embryo at low AC dose; element Ca increased and element K decreased significantly, but element Na just increased slightly in rat sciatic nerve axon; RMP became smaller; CAP fell down; APIPS showed the gradual disappearance of the waveform of K⁺ outward current. The results reveal that the changes of RMP,CAP and APIPS induced by AC are associated with the variations of Na⁺, Ca²⁺ ions and elements Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl and P in nerve cell and nerve axon, and also indicate that the lowered Na⁺ and K⁺ concentration differences between inside and outside of nerve axon and increased Ca²⁺ in nerve axon might further result in the axon degeneration and the depression of nerve excitation and conduction.